Acute Kidney Injury

Learning Objectives

1. Analyze shifting etiologies and epidemiological trends of pediatric acute kidney injury over time.
2. Differentiate pre-renal, intrinsic, and post-renal causes of AKI using relevant laboratory and imaging modalities for accurate diagnosis and management planning.

Pre-Reading Resources

QStream Multiple Choice Questions

A 4-year-old previously healthy boy presents to the pediatric emergency department with a 2-day history of decreased urine output, edema, and lethargy. His parents report that he had a recent episode of gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea. On examination, the child is lethargic and appears dehydrated. His blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg, heart rate is 130 bpm, and respiratory rate is 24 breaths per minute. Laboratory studies reveal elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Which of the following is the most common cause of pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) in this patient?

• A. Pre-renal azotemia
• B. Intrinsic renal injury
• C. Post-renal obstruction
• D. Nephrotic Syndrome

Pediatric Critical Care Outline Specifications

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